Mughal Empire (1526 - 1858) COINS

Moghul Empire The Mughal Dynasty is a line of Muslim emperors who reigned in India from 1526 to 1858. Babur, the first mughal emperor, was a descendant of the Turkish conqueror Timur on his father's side and of the Mongol (in Persian, mughal) conqueror Genghis Khan on his mother's side, Invaded India from Afghanistan and founded the Mughal Empire on the ruin of the Delhi Sultanate. From 1526, when Babur defeated Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, the ruler of Delhi and established himself in neighbouring Agra, until 1638, when his great-great-grandson Shah Jehan built a new capital city in Delhi again, Agra was a repository for all the wealth and talent of one of the most extensive empires in the medieval world. ***
	Assembly of Mughal Empire Indian rupees, 16th-19th century. Chunky large 20-27mm, 11 to 12 grams! Persian inscriptions on both sides. Various Moghul Emperors, starting with Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb and ending with the last Moghul Emperors of the 19th century. All are rupees - large and thick chunky silver coins!!! A huge variety - there are numerous different types here, so if you buy more than 1 coin, we promise to give you much variety as possible!!! This is quite a bargain lot @ only 15$ per coin!!! Stock #moghulrupee.	Only US$ 15.00 per coin!
Humayun (1530-1556) Humayun (March 6, 1508 - February 22, 1556), second Mughal Emperor, and ruled in India from 1530-1540 and 1555-1556. He was 22 and inexperienced when he came to power. Humayun succeeded his father Baber in India in 1530, while his brother Kamran obtained the sovereignty of Kabul and Lahore. Humayun was thus left in possession of his father's recent conquests, which were in dispute with the Indian Afghans under Sher Shah, governor of Bengal and an ethnic Afghan from Eastern India, and his ally, the Lodi dynasty. Sher Shah defeated Humayun in battle of Chausa on June 26, 1539. After ten years of fighting, Humayun was driven out of India and compelled to flee to Persia. The rule of Sher Shan was a time of economic reform for the Mughal Empire. Humayun fled to the Safavid Empire and reluctantly converted to Shi'a Islam for the protection of Tahmasp I. Sher Shah died in 1546, and although he was one of the greatest rulers in India, his son was from an able leader. After only nine years in power, Humayan returned to the throne in 1555 with troops from Tahmasp I. After he reoccupied Delhi (1555) India thus passed again from the Afghans to the Moguls. During his period in exile, his wife gave birth to Akbar the Great. Humayun died from injuries he sustained after falling down a flight of stairs while descending from the second floor of his library to pray. His greatest accomplishment was in his support for the arts. His exposure in Iran to Safavid art inspired him to recruit painters for the Mughal Empire and thus give birth to the Mughal style of painting. Humayun's greatest architectural feat was his Din-Panah (Refuge of Religion) citadel at Delhi which was destroyed by Sher Shah. The tomb of Humayun is one of the finest Mogul monuments.
	HUGE bronze double-tanka of Humayun (1530-1556), 24mm, 19.8g. Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to 943 AH = 1536 AD. Excellent coin, very attractive and scarce. VF. Stock #23346.	US$ 25.00
	Rare billon tanka of Humayun (1530-1556), 17mm, 9g. Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. Very low silver content, so the coin appears almost bronze. VF. Mint of Jaunpur. Stock #23376.	US$ 18.00
	Rare billon tanka of Humayun (1530-1556), 17mm, 9g. Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. Dated to 939 AH = 1531 AD. Very low silver content, so the coin appears almost bronze. VF. Mint of Jaunpur. Stock #23375.	US$ 25.00 SOLD
	Rare billon tanka of Humayun (1530-1556), 17mm, 9g. Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. Dated to 939 AH = 1531 AD. Very low silver content, so the coin appears almost bronze. VF. Mint of Jaunpur. Stock #23374.	US$ 24.00 SOLD
	Rare billon tanka of Humayun (1530-1556), 17mm, 9g. Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. Very low silver content, so the coin appears almost bronze. VF. Mint of Jaunpur. Stock #23373.	US$ 17.50
	Rare billon tanka of Humayun (1530-1556), 17mm, 9g. Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. Dated to 940 AH = 1532 AD. Very low silver content, so the coin appears almost bronze. EF. Mint of Jaunpur. Stock #23372.	US$ 24.00 SOLD
Emperor Akbar (1556-1605) Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun (r. 1530-40 and 1555-56), whose rule was interrupted by the Afghan Sur Dynasty, which rebelled against him. It was only just before his death that Humayun was able to regain the empire and leave it to his son. In restoring and expanding Mughal rule, Akbar based his authority on the ability and loyalty of his followers, irrespective of their religion. In 1564 the jizya on non-Muslims was abolished, and bans on temple building and Hindu pilgrimages were lifted. Akbar's methods of administration reinforced his power against two possible sources of challenge--the Afghan-Turkish aristocracy and the traditional interpreters of Persian law, the ulama. He created a ranked imperial service based on ability rather than birth, whose members were obliged to serve wherever required. They were remunerated with cash rather than land and were kept away from their inherited estates, thus centralizing the imperial power base and assuring its supremacy. The military and political functions of the imperial service were separate from those of revenue collection, which was supervised by the imperial treasury. This system of administration, known as the mansabdari, was based on loyal service and cash payments and was the backbone of the Mughal Empire; its effectiveness depended on personal loyalty to the emperor and his ability and willingness to choose, remunerate, and supervise. Akbar declared himself the final arbiter in all disputes of law derived from the Qur'an and the sharia. He backed his religious authority primarily with his authority in the state. In 1580 he also initiated a syncretic court religion called the Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith). In theory, the new faith was compatible with any other, provided that the devotee was loyal to the emperor. In practice, however, its ritual and content profoundly offended orthodox Muslims. The ulama found their influence undermined. The concept of Islam as a superior religion with a historic mission in the world appeared to be compromised. The syncretism of the court and its tolerance of both Hindus and unorthodox Shia sects among Muslims triggered a reaction among Sunni Muslims. In the fratricidal war of succession that closed the reign of Akbar's grandson Shah Jahan in 1658, the aristocracy supported the austere military commander Aurangzeb against his learned and eclectic brother Dara Shikoh, whom Aurangzeb defeated in battle and later had decapitated in 1662.
	Chunky square rupee, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides - dated to 996 AH = 1587 AD. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (11.5 g). Beautiful EF. Stock #24122.	US$ 26.00 SOLD
	Chunky square rupee, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. Stock #24124.	US$ 8.00
	Scarce silver square temple token, rupee-weight, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605) Persian inscriptions on both sides. Undated type. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (12.1 g - extremely heavy!). Scarce type. Stock #24124. Rare temple token - a "1 rupee" token, made of silver and of 1 rupee weight. Used in Hindu temple donations.	US$ 25.00
	Chunky bronze tanka, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605), Malwa type, mint of Ujjainpur. Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (6.2 g). aVF. Stock #23010.	US$ 9.00 SOLD
In the second half of Akbar's reign the pattern of silver coinage was changed drastically. The Kalima was dropped from the obverse, and replaced with "Allahu Akbar Jalla Jalalahu" ("God is Great, bright in his glory" - thought to have been a pub on Akbar's name). Akbar's name and titles were deleted and the mintname and the Ilahi year and month were placed in the center flan. Ilahi dating was based on Solar years, not Lunar, and Ilahi year 30 corresponded to Hijri 992/3. This change in coinage followed the, ultimately unsuccessful, attempt of Akbar to replace Islam with the "Ilahi" ("divine") religion - a mix of Islam, Judaism and Christianity.
	Set of 12 rare Ilahi square rupees with ALL 12 different Ilahi months, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). "Allahu Akbar Jalla Jalalahu" / mint, Ilahi year and Ilahi month. All are high grade coins, very attractive, thick and heavy (11.5 g). VF-EF. The price is for all 12 coins (sold as a set). Stock #set12r. Note: The coins date to a number of different years, but represent a full set of 12 different Ilahi months - Farwardin, Ardibihischt, Khurdad, Tir, Amardad, Shehrewar, Mihr, Aban, Azar, Di, Bahman, Isfandarmuz. The Ilahi issue coins are much scarcer than the "regular" issue square rupees of Akbar and are priced at about double the price. Gathering all 12 different is difficult, so these coins are sold as a single set (each coin retails at about 40$ to 55$).	US$ 425.00 SOLD
	Superb huge and rare round rupee, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to the 22nd regnal year = 1577/78. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (27mm, 11.5 g). Excellent EF. Stock #22898.	US$ 42.00 SOLD
	Chunky rare round rupee, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). aEF. Stock #22899.	US$ 34.00
	Chunky rare round rupee, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (18mm, 11.5 g). aEF. Stock #22892.	US$ 35.00
	Chunky rare round rupee, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (20mm, 11.5 g). aEF. Stock #22893.	US$ 40.00
	Chunky rare round rupee, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to the 44th year of Akbar's reign (=1599/1600). Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (20mm, 11.5 g). aEF. Stock #22894.	US$ 35.00
	Chunky rare round rupee, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to the 44th year of Akbar's reign (=1599/1600). Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (20mm, 11.5 g). F, rare. Stock #22895.	US$ 30.00
	Chunky rare round rupee, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (20mm, 11.5 g). VF. Stock #22896.	US$ 32.00
	Silver round 1/2 rupee (darb), Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (14mm, 5.7 g). VF. Stock #23559.	US$ 12.50 SOLD
	Silver round 1/2 rupee (darb), Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (14mm, 5.7 g). VF. Stock #23561.	US$ 12.50
	Silver round 1/2 rupee (mahmoudi), Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (14mm, 5.7 g).aEF. Stock #23556.	US$ 12.50 SOLD
	Silver round 1/2 rupee (mahmoudi), Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (14mm, 5.7 g).EF. Stock #23557.	US$ 15.00 SOLD
	Silver round 1/2 rupee (mahmoudi), Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (14mm, 5.7 g).aEF. Stock #23558.	US$ 14.00
	Silver round 1/2 rupee (mahmoudi), Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (14mm, 5.7 g).aEF. Stock #23560.	US$ 13.50 SOLD
	Set of 12 rare Ilahi dams with ALL 12 different Ilahi months, Emperor Akbar (1556-1605). Mintname / Ilahi date and Ilahi month. All are high grade coins for these (these coins are almost invariably extremely worn), very attractive, thick and heavy (each coin weighs over 20 grams - the whole set weighs about 250 grams). F-VF. The price is for all 12 coins (sold as a set). Stock #set12d. Note: The coins date to a number of different years, but represent a full set of 12 different Ilahi months - Farwardin, Ardibihischt, Khurdad, Tir, Amardad, Shehrewar, Mihr, Aban, Azar, Di, Bahman, Isfandarmuz. The Gathering all 12 different is difficult, so these coins are sold as a single set (each coin retails at about 10$ to 15$).	US$ 75.00 SOLD
	Superb and scarce huge bronze dam of Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 20.5 g). aEF, rare this nice! Stock #23474.	US$ 20.00 SOLD
	Rare large bronze 1/2 dam of Akbar (1556-1605). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (17mm, 10.9 g). Regnal year 25 = 1581. aEF, rare this nice! Stock #23462.	US$ 12.50 SOLD
Rebellion of Selim, son of Akbar (early 1600's) During the last decade of Akbar's rule, his son Selim (who later, as an Emperor, took the name of "Jahangir") became increasingly restless in his desire to assume the supreme power. He rebelled a number of times, and, as a governor of Allahabad, he refused to recognize Akbar's suzerainty. The silver coins of Allahabad from this period were issued without Akbar's name or imperial titles.
	Scarce silver rupee, minted by Selim in Allahabad (early 1600's). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (22mm, 11.5 g). Mint of Allahabad. Beautiful well-struck EF, rare. Krause 97. Stock #23123.	US$ 75.00 SOLD
	Scarce silver rupee, minted by Selim in Allahabad (early 1600's). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (22mm, 11.5 g). Mint of Allahabad. Beautiful well-struck EF, rare. Krause 97. Stock #23124.	US$ 75.00
Emperor Jahangir (1605-1628) Rupees minted by Jahangir come in numerous varieties in size, shape, inscriptions and types and with numerous different poetic couplets. They are fairly scarce, and are more rare than the coins of Akbar or Shah Jahan.
	Rare! "Jahangiri" - 20% overweight silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 13.6 g). Mint of Agra. VF, rare. Krause unlisted for rupee, listed for mohur - K-183.. Stock #23399. Note: A small issue of heavy rupees - "Jahangiri" - 20% overweight, and "Sawai" - 25% overweight, were issued at a few mints. All the heavy rupees are rare.	US$ 90.00 SOLD
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). EF, rare type. Stock #22995.	US$ 42.00 SOLD
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). EF, rare type. Krause 141. Stock #22994.	US$ 40.00 SOLD
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (20mm, 11.5 g). aVF, rare type. Krause 149. Stock #22993.	US$ 32.00 SOLD
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). aVF. Stock #22987.	US$ 28.00 SOLD
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). aEF. Stock #22988.	US$ 40.00
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). EF. Stock #22990.	US$ 40.00 SOLD
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). gVF. Stock #22991.	US$ 38.00
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). aEF. Stock #22985.	US$ 38.00
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (20mm, 11.5 g). EF. Stock #22984.	US$ 42.00 SOLD
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). aEF. Stock #22983.	US$ 38.00
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). F. Stock #22985.	US$ 42.00
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (17mm, 11.5 g). Rare small and veryn thick flan. F. Stock #22986.	US$ 30.00
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). EF. Stock #22980.	US$ 42.00 SOLD
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). F. Stock #22981.	US$ 26.00
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (20mm, 11.5 g). EF. Stock #22979.	US$ 40.00
	Scarce silver rupee of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (21mm, 11.5 g). aEF. Stock #22978.	US$ 40.00 SOLD
Bronze coinage if Jahangir is MUCH rarer than Jahangir's silver or Akbar's bronze coinage - because of the very small number available for study, neither the BMC catalogue or Krause are complete - a number of the types listed below are unlisted anywhere, it seems. All of these bronzes are very rare, you won't find them elsewhere....
	Rare! Large bronze reduced weight dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (18mm, 16.1 g). EF. VERY rare, unlisted in Krause or in BMC catalogue. Stock #23473. Note: The coin is definitely of Jahangir, of the same type as the 1/2 dams, but heavier by some 6 grams than it should be...	US$ 25.00 SOLD
	Rare! Large bronze 1/2 dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (18mm, 10.5 g). EF. VERY rare, price unlisted in Krause (listed as "rare"). Stock #23470.	US$ 50.00 SOLD
	Rare! Large bronze 1/2 dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (18mm, 10.4 g). EF. VERY rare, price unlisted in Krause (listed as "rare"). Stock #23459.	US$ 40.00 SOLD
	Rare! Large bronze 1/2 dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (18mm, 10.3 g). EF. VERY rare, price unlisted in Krause (listed as "rare"). Stock #23469.	US$ 40.00 SOLD
	Rare! Large bronze 1/2 dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (18mm, 10.3 g). aVF. VERY rare, price unlisted in Krause (listed as "rare"). Stock #23464.	US$ 25.00
	Rare! Large bronze 1/2 dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (18mm, 10.5 g). F. VERY rare, price unlisted in Krause (listed as "rare"). Stock #23458.	US$ 20.00
	Rare! Large bronze 1/2 dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (18mm, 10.5 g). aVF. VERY rare, price unlisted in Krause (listed as "rare"). Stock #23468.	US$ 25.00
	Rare! Large bronze 1/2 dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (18mm, 10.1 g). aVF. VERY rare, price unlisted in Krause (listed as "rare"). Stock #23461.	US$ 12.50
	Rare! Large bronze reduced weight 1/2 dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (16mm, 8.1 g). VF. VERY rare, unlisted in Krause or in BMC catalogue. Stock #23465. Note: The coin is definitely of Jahangir, of the same type as the 1/2 dams, but lighter by some 2 grams than it should be...	US$ 20.00 SOLD
	Rare! Large bronze reduced weight 1/2 dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (16mm, 7.8 g). VF. VERY rare, unlisted in Krause or in BMC catalogue. Stock #23466. Note: The coin is definitely of Jahangir, of the same type as the 1/2 dams, but lighter by some 2 grams than it should be...	US$ 15.00
	Rare! Large bronze reduced weight 1/2 dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (16mm, 7.6 g). VF. VERY rare, unlisted in Krause or in BMC catalogue. Stock #23460. Note: The coin is definitely of Jahangir, of the same type as the 1/2 dams, but lighter by some 2 grams than it should be...	US$ 25.00
	Rare! Large bronze reduced weight 1/2 dam of Jahangir (1605-1628). Persian inscriptions, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (16mm, 7.9 g). VF. VERY rare, unlisted in Krause or in BMC catalogue. Stock #23472. Note: The coin is definitely of Jahangir, of the same type as the 1/2 dams, but lighter by some 2 grams than it should be...	US$ 12.00
Emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658) Shah-Jahan commissioned the building of the Taj Mahal in Agra, as a burial place for his first wife Empress Mumtaz Mahal (meaning 'the first lady of the palace'). But for the last five years of his life he was imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb in a room of Agra Fort, tended only by his eldest daughter Jahanara Begum, with a direct view of the Taj Mahal. This was punishment for his endorsing Dara Shikoh, Aurangzeb's older brother in the fight for succession, but it was a better fate than he might have expected; most Mughal Emperors killed their fathers upon succession. Shah Jahan is buried in the Taj Mahal, next to his first wife.
	Scarce silver rupee of Shah Jahan (of Taj Mahal fame) (1627-1658). Persian inscriptions within a circle, inscriptions around / Persian inscriptions. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (24mm, 11.5 g). VF, rare type. Stock #22649.	US$ 36.00
	Scarce silver rupee of Shah Jahan (of Taj Mahal fame) (1627-1658). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (20mm, 11.5 g). Excellent EF, scarce and very attractive, much nicer than the scan. Gulkanda mint. Stock #22652.	US$ 35.00 SOLD
	Square border rupee of Shah Jahan (of Taj Mahal fame) (1627-1658). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (11.5 g). Superb and well-struck Superb EF, scarce and very attractive, much nicer than the scan. Stock #22648.	US$ 40.00 SOLD
	Square border rupee of Shah Jahan (of Taj Mahal fame) (1627-1658). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (11.5 g). Superb and well-struck aEF, scarce and very attractive, much nicer than the scan. Stock #22647.	US$ 32.00 SOLD
	Square border rupee of Shah Jahan (of Taj Mahal fame) (1627-1658). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (11.5 g). Superb and well-struck aEF, scarce and very attractive, much nicer than the scan. Stock #22650.	US$ 35.00 SOLD
	Square border rupee of Shah Jahan (of Taj Mahal fame) (1627-1658), minted in 1646/7 (regnal year 20). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (11.5 g). Superb and well-struck aEF, scarce and very attractive, much nicer than the scan. Stock #22654.	US$ 32.00 SOLD
	Superb well-struck square border rupee of Shah Jahan (of Taj Mahal fame) (1627-1658), AH 1041 = 1631 AD. Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (11.5 g). Superb and well-struck EF, scarce and very attractive, much nicer than the scan. Stock #22653.	US$ 36.00 SOLD
	Scarce square border rupee of Shah Jahan (of Taj Mahal fame) (1627-1658), dated to AH 1058 = AD 1648. Persian inscriptions on both sides. Excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy (11.5 g). EF, scarce and very attractive, much nicer than the scan. Mint of Surat. Stock #22655.	US$ 32.00 SOLD
Emperor Aurangzeb (1658-1707) Aurangzeb's reign ushered in the decline of the Mughal Empire. Aurangzeb, who in the latter half of his long rule assumed the title "Alamgir" or "world-seizer," was known for aggressively expanding the empire's frontiers and for his militant enforcement of orthodox Sunni Islam. During his reign, the Mughal empire reached its greatest extent, although it is likely that his policies also led to its dissolution. Still, there is some belief that his policies may have slowed the decline of the Empire rather than precipitate it. Although he was an outstanding general and a rigorous administrator, Mughal fiscal and military standards declined as security and luxury increased. Land rather than cash became the usual means of remunerating high-ranking officials, and divisive tendencies in his large empire further undermined central authority. In 1679 Aurangzeb reimposed the hated jizya on Hindus. Coming after a series of other taxes and also discriminatory measures favoring Sunni Muslims this action by the "prayermonger " (emperor), incited rebellion among Hindus and others in many parts of the empire--Jat, Sikh, and Rajput forces in the north and Maratha forces in the Deccan. The emperor managed to crush the rebellions in the north, but at a high cost to agricultural productivity and to the legitimacy of Mughal rule. Aurangzeb was compelled to move his headquarters to Daulatabad in the Deccan to mount a costly campaign against Maratha guerrilla fighters, which lasted twenty-six-years until he died in 1707 at the age of ninety. Aurangzeb, oppressed by a sense of failure, isolation, and impending doom, lamented that in life he "came alone" and would "go as a stranger." In the century- and one-half that followed, effective control by Aurangzeb's successors weakened. Succession to imperial and even provincial power, which had often become hereditary, was subject to intrigue and force. The mansabdari system gave way to the zamindari system, in which high-ranking officials took on the appearance of hereditary landed aristocracy with powers of collecting rents. As Delhi's control waned, other contenders for power emerged and clashed, thus preparing the way for the eventual British takeover.
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), mint of Alamgirpur. Persian inscriptions on both sides. 26mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF. Rare mint, undated. Stock #22051.	US$ 25.00
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), mint of Alamgirpur. Persian inscriptions on both sides. 26mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF. Rare mint, undated. Stock #22056.	US$ 25.00 SOLD
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), mint of Surat. Persian inscriptions on both sides. 24mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy, 11.5g. EF. Undated. Stock #22569.	US$ 22.00
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), mint of Surat. AH 1105 = 1693. Persian inscriptions on both sides. 23mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy, 11.5g. EF. Stock #22570.	US$ 22.00 SOLD
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), mint of Surat. AH 1098 = 1686. Persian inscriptions on both sides. 24mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy, 11.5g. aEF. Mint of Surat. Stock #22571.	US$ 22.00
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), mint of Surat, AH 1096 = 1684 AD. Persian inscriptions on both sides. 26mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF. Stock #22057.	US$ 27.00 SOLD
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), mint of Surat, AH 1102 = 1690 AD. Persian inscriptions on both sides. 25mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF. Stock #22055.	US$ 21.00 SOLD
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), mint of Surat, AH 1106 = 1694 AD. Persian inscriptions on both sides. 25mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF. Stock #22053.	US$ 24.00 SOLD
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), mint of Surat. AH 1105 = 1693. Persian inscriptions on both sides. 22mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy, 11.5g. VF. Stock #22572.	US$ 16.00 SOLD
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), mint of Surat. AH 1106 = 1694. Persian inscriptions on both sides. 22mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy, 11.5g. EF. Stock #22575.	US$ 20.00 SOLD
	Emperor Shah Alam Bahadur (1707-1712)
	Scarce silver rupee, Emperor Shah Alam Bahadur (1707-1712). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to 1120 AH = regnal year 2 = 1708 AD. 26mm in diameter (!), 11.5 g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. aEF. Stock #23145.	US$ 27.50 SOLD
	Scarce bronze dam, Emperor Shah Alam Bahadur (1707-1712). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to regnal year 2 = 1708/1709. 17mm in diameter, 12.5 g, excellent coin, thick and heavy. Rare! aVF. Stock #23471.	US$ 20.00 SOLD
	Emperor Jahandar Shah (1712)
	Scarce silver rupee, Emperor Jahandar Shah (1712). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to 1124 AH = regnal year 1 = 1712 AD. Mint of Itawa. 23mm in diameter, 11.5 g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. VF. Stock #23144.	US$ 50.00 SOLD
	Scarce silver rupee, Emperor Jahandar Shah (1712). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to 1124 AH = regnal year 1 = 1712 AD. Mint of Surat. 26mm in diameter, 11.5 g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. VF. Stock #23140.	US$ 55.00 SOLD
	Emperor Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719)
	HUGE! Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to 1128 AH = regnal year 5 = 1717 AD. 27mm in diameter (!), 11.5 g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. toned EF. Stock #23120.	US$ 27.50 SOLD
	HUGE! Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to regnal year 7 = 1719 AD. 27mm in diameter (!), 11.5 g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. toned aEF. Stock #23122.	US$ 26.00
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to 1129 AH = 1718 AD. 24mm in diameter, 11.5 g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. aEF. Stock #23118.	US$ 21.00 SOLD
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to regnal year 6 = 1718/9 AD. Huge, 25mm in diameter, 11.5 g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. aEF. Stock #23119.	US$ 21.00
	Rare silver 1/2 rupee, Emperor Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to regnal year 6 = 1718/9 AD. 19mm in diameter, 5.8 g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. aEF. Stock #23143. Note: Mughal economy was based on a 1 rupee coin, the silver fractions are much scarcer than the rupees!	US$ 35.00 SOLD
	Emperor Rafi-ud-Darjat (1719)
	Rare silver rupee, Emperor Rafi-ud-Darjat (1719). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated 1131 AH = regnal year 1 = 1719. "Ujjain Dar-ul-Fath" ("Ujjain, seat of conquest" in exergue on obverse. Mint of Ujjain. 23mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. aEF. Rare! Stock #23147.	US$ 85.00 SOLD
	Rare silver rupee, Emperor Rafi-ud-Darjat (1719). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated 1131 AH = regnal year 1 = 1719. "Ujjain Dar-ul-Fath" ("Ujjain, seat of conquest" in exergue on obverse. Mint of Ujjain. 23mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. aEF. Rare! Stock #23146.	US$ 80.00 SOLD
	Emperor Shah Jahan II (Rafi-ad-Daula) (1719)
	Rare silver rupee, Emperor Shah Jahan II (1719). Persian inscriptions on both sides. 23mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. aEF. Mint of Khambayat. Stock #23121.	US$ 65.00 SOLD
	Rare silver rupee, Emperor Shah Jahan II (1719). Persian inscriptions on both sides. 23mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. aEF. Mint of Khambayat. Stock #23139.	US$ 65.00 SOLD
	Emperor Mohamed Shah (1719-1748)
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Shah (1719-1748). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to 1133 AH = 1721 AD. 25mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF. Stock #23132.	US$ 17.50
	SUPERB! Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Shah (1719-1748). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to regnal year 15 = 1734 AD. 24mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF+!, superb high grade coin. Stock #23132.	US$ 21.00
	SUPERB! Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Shah (1719-1748). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to 1133 AH = regnal year 3 = 1722 AD. 24mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF+!, superb high grade coin. Stock #23129.	US$ 21.00 SOLD
	SUPERB! Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Shah (1719-1748). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to 1146 AH = regnal year 16 = 1735 AD. 24mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF+!, superb high grade coin. Stock #23128.	US$ 30.00 SOLD
	SUPERB! Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Shah (1719-1748). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to regnal year 6 = 1725 AD. 24mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF+!, superb high grade coin. Stock #23127.	US$ 24.00
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Shah (1719-1748). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to 1143 AH = regnal year 13 = 1732 AD. 24mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF, superb high grade coin. Stock #23126.	US$ 25.00 SOLD
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Shah (1719-1748). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to 115x AH = regnal year 28 = 1747 AD. 24mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF, superb high grade coin. Stock #23130.	US$ 20.00
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Shah (1719-1748). Persian inscriptions on both sides. 25mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. aEF. Stock #22573.	US$ 17.50
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Shah (1719-1748). Persian inscriptions on both sides. 25mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. aEF. Mint of Surat. Stock #22576.	US$ 22.00
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Muhamed Shah (1719-1748). Persian inscriptions on both sides. 22mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. aEF. Stock #22574.	US$ 14.00
	Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754)
	Rare gold fanam of Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754) Crude Persian inscriptions on both sides. 8mm, 0.4 grams. Rare! Stock #23520.	US$ 45.00
	Rare gold fanam of Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754) Crude Persian inscriptions on both sides. 8mm, 0.4 grams. Rare! Stock #23521.	US$ 42.00
	Rare gold fanam of Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754) Crude Persian inscriptions on both sides. 8mm, 0.4 grams. Rare! Stock #23522.	US$ 42.00
	Rare gold fanam of Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754) Crude Persian inscriptions on both sides. 8mm, 0.4 grams. Rare! Stock #23523.	US$ 40.00
	Rare gold fanam of Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754) Crude Persian inscriptions on both sides. 8mm, 0.4 grams. Rare! Stock #23524.	US$ 50.00
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to regnal year 3 = 1751 AD. 24mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF. Stock #23138.	US$ 26.00 SOLD
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to regnal year 6 = 1754 AD. 23mm in diameter, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF. Stock #23134.	US$ 24.00
	Rare large bronze reduced weight dam, Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754). Persian inscriptions on both sides. 19mm in diameter, 16.0g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. VF, rare! Stock #23463.	US$ 15.00 SOLD
	Emperor Aziz-ud-din Alamgir II (1754-1759)
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Alamgir II (1754-1759). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to regnal year 2 = 1755 AD. 23mm in diameter, 11.5 g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. Toned nice VF. Stock #23142.	US$ 23.00
	Beautiful large silver rupee, Emperor Alamgir II (1754-1759). Persian inscriptions on both sides. Dated to regnal year 4 = 1758 AD. 23mm in diameter, 11.5 g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF. Stock #23141.	US$ 30.00 SOLD
	Superb large bronze dam, Emperor Alamgir II (1754-1759). Persian inscriptions on both sides. 21mm in diameter, 14.1 g, excellent coin, very attractive, thick and heavy. EF, RARE this nice! Stock #23467.	US$ 25.00 SOLD